第195章
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刘徽《九章算术注》序中便有“算在六艺,古者以宾兴贤能, 教习国子”之说, 算学正是贵族子弟必学之术。以春秋以来, 凡举儒学、墨学、历法大家无不精通数算。而魏晋以来官、私两学中都将算学列为经学的辅助,宋代更常有算学大家开私学广授弟子, 及至本朝亦有遗风。
桓凌少年时曾随他父亲的同僚,如今已外放江西的武墉武御史学过算术,受老师影响, 自己也一向有收私淑弟子, 传授算学知识的念头, 还险些教了宋时。
当日宋时坚定地拒绝了,令他暗地遗憾了许久, 好在宋时终究对他一片坦诚, 连自己的来历都跟他交了底, 还教他后世的数学、化学、物理……
教导爱人读书是一种乐趣, 跟着爱人读书又是一种乐趣。关起门来跟宋时学的那些后世未知之学,对他而言都极富诱惑。若非他身为佥都御史, 有巡查九边之责, 不敢为私事分神, 真恨不能每日里就只跟着宋时读书论道, 集结几本专著, 再开门迎纳四方来求学的学者。
而今是天意让他得了这一展胸中所学,与人传道授业的机会——
他缓缓扫过座下诸同僚,撂下教案, 含笑问道:“我初为教师,愿量材施教,为贤弟们各自安提成不同课程。未知诸位的算学已学到何处了?大衍术、天元术、测望术、洞渊九容……”
只、只学了“九数”、“直术”又如何?大衍术是内算之术,他们又不是钦天监的五官正,哪里就会推定天文历法了?
户部何员外以为他们是来学种田的,与算学八竿子也打不着,奋起反抗道:“下官等前日在朝上听佥宪说过种嘉禾的秘法,其中有量稻叶数而估算分蘖数法,然则其法不过只计叶数,只怕未必要深研算学?”
嗯?未必深研?
“《易传》曰:唯深也,故能通天下之志;唯几也,故能成天下之务。做学问时若无极深研几的志气,又有何事可做得成?”
数学是他们要学的物理、化学之本,怎能不深研?要真正学懂这些涉及天理幽微处的学问,可不只是和工匠、民夫一般记个数字,照搬照抄便可,都需懂数学、会推导,才能真正理解其中精义。
哪怕不提还未学到的两门后世学问,便为了他们能如法种出嘉禾,也要算肥料配比、算一亩田最优插秧数、算挖渠土方、算种籽预拌高锰酸钾量……样样不都要计算?还有工部建化肥、农药工坊、做器械、聘工匠管事,何事不须要提前算好人物钱粮,量物力而行?
所以他们这开学第一课便要学算术,学后世的数学计算法。从加减乘除式起,先记代数记号,有正负、知分数、小数、四则运算、乘方开方,算熟了再学代数方程式……
他将讲义翻开,从拿起一支石灰与石膏压制的粉笔,回身在黑板上写下两个大字:“代数”。
“代数之术,其已知未知之数,皆代之以字,而乘除加减各有记号以为区别……乃以所代数入之,而所求之数出焉。”
他也拿着当初宋时还不够信任依赖他的时候忽悠他的说法忽悠起了这十位同僚:“这是宋状元随父在福建任上读书时偶然得到的海外算经,与中国之学迥然不同。我昔年在汀州府厅任上,曾蒙宋贤弟传授此经,研究数载后才略有所得,今日便从头教予诸位。”
他也并不激进地立刻否定本朝算学,引入阿拉伯数字、英文字母,皆以文字代替,只引入苏州码子中的〇以便讲解数学中0的概念,再引进加减乘除、正负、分数、小数点等符号,从四则运算入手教学。
——现代数学虽好,但其所用数字、符号、所列公式都与中国旧法格格不入,须得抛下旧知从头学起。若非他原本就对算学极为感兴趣,怕是未学就先吓退了。
好在他自幼随老师研习《九章算术》《四元玉鉴》等书,其中都有解多元方程之法,以这传统算学之法印证现代方程式解法,自然能将后世数学知识解释得深处浅出,清晰通透。
堂下坐的都是头脑敏慧的朝廷栋梁,总都有几分算学基础,又都擅举一反三,不多时便理清楚了基础符号、四则运算,做起了桓老师在黑板上现写的口算题目。
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