第618章 养蚕的渊源
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“好像这是这样的,在咱们华夏很多的古籍,或者是留下来的诗歌之中,都有关于蚕的描述。最著名的还是那一句‘春蚕到死丝方尽,蜡炬成灰泪始干。’”
“啧啧,感觉今天看了夏老师的直播,又掌握了不少的只是,以后有机会又可以说出来装逼了。”
“哈哈,可别装过头,装到了更懂行的人头上。毕竟华夏养蚕的历史如此悠久,说不定不少人都十分了解养蚕的过程。”
“其他人了不了解我不知道,我只知道我不了解,甚至都没有见过。”
夏杰看着观众们的评论,回应道:“其实大家要是居住在城市之中的话,很少会见到养蚕的地方,毕竟养蚕需要种植一定数量的桑叶,除非是养来玩,享受养蚕过程的可以偶尔买桑叶,要是打算做成规模的话,通常都会选用市郊甚至是乡下,作为养殖的地方。”
“扯远了,咱们接着聊养蚕的历史:夏代之后,紧接着就到了周代。周代有‘亲蚕’制度,天子和诸侯都有‘公桑蚕室’。”
“夏历二月浴种,三月初一开始养蚕,对浴种、出蚁、蚕眠、化蛹、结茧、化蛾等蚕的生长形态,已有一定认识,对养蚕工具曲、植、筐、蓬等都有记载。从西周到春秋时期主要养一化性蚕,而禁养夏蚕,一年只养一茬,以免桑叶采伐过度而残桑。”
“周代养蚕方法已较成熟,浴种是清除蚕卵上杂菌,以白篙煮汁,浸泡蚕种,促其发蚁。蚕室内注意排水干燥及温度调节。”
“到了战国时期,对蚕的习性认识加深,已认识到蚕无雌雄,蛾有雌雄,怕高温,喜一定湿度,恶雨,北方地区有一化性、二化性和多化性,可连续孵化至秋末。在大批鲜茧因来不及缫丝而化蛾破坏茧层时,则用曝茧、震蛹两种杀蛹方法来处理……”
夏杰在讲解的过程之中,直播间里的观众们对于养蚕历史的兴趣也越发浓厚起来,其中更是有人开始刷礼物,想要让他多讲述一些。
夏杰见到有老板开始刷礼物之后,表情淡定的摆了摆手,示意大家适度消费,而后也开始讲述周代之后,养蚕历史上的重要突破点。
“秦汉以来对野蚕仍继续采集利用。魏晋南北朝时选种、制种技术有很大进步,己发明低溢控制家蚕制种孵化时间的方法。”
“永嘉有八辈蚕:螺珍蚕三月绩、拓蚕和螺蚕四月初绩、爱珍五月绩、爱蚕六月末绩、寒珍七月末绩、四出蚕九月初绩、寒蚕十月绩。”
“要是以体色和斑纹为主,蚕品种分为白头蚕、领石蚕、楚蚕、里蚕、儿蚕、灰儿蚕等。按饲育和繁殖时间分为秋母蚕、秋中蚕、老秋儿蚕、秋末老懈儿蚕等。以茧分为绵儿蚕、同功蚕。”
“此外,古人在饲育过程中,已注意到桑、火、寒、暑、燥、湿等因素对蚕儿生长的生态影响,蚕具安放时注意蚕座的疏密适当,常在室外上簇,雨天则宜族于屋内,并有平面上簇、悬挂上簇、室外平铺蓬嵩族等三种形式……”
夏杰绘声绘色的描述,让屏幕前的观众们听得如此如醉。
“虽然并没有从事养蚕专业或者是历史专业,可每当听杰哥讲述这些历史的时候,我都深深感觉到了身为一个华夏人的自豪。”
“可能真的如同书本上边所说的一样,在阅读或者是学习历史的时候,咱们就像是看着一面镜子。现在知道了华夏养蚕的辉煌历史,咱们看着这一面镜子,里面出来的形象也十分高大威猛,着实让人感觉十分骄傲。”
“这就是有着上下五千年历史的华夏吗?我对于华夏的兴趣真是越发浓厚了,感觉仅仅是通过山村小杰的直播和视频,已经不足以让我满足了,我现在就购买前往华夏的机票!”
“看这弹幕发的,还夹带点儿英文表达方式,应该是外国朋友了,先提前欢迎你们来到华夏啊。”
“哇塞,真不愧是夏老师啊,粉丝都从国外跑进来了,简直壮大了我们华夏的威名!”
“夏老师,那咱们养蚕的历史,到魏晋南北朝的时间点,就已经接近于完美了吗?还是之后又有所发展呢?”又观众接着对夏杰提问道。
看了弹幕之后,夏杰笑了笑,回应道:“看来大家对于养蚕的历史,实在是太感兴趣了。咱们养蚕的技术可远远还没有发展到巅峰呢。”
“在宋代,蚕事趋于完善,生产过程分为:浴蚕、下蚕、喂蚕、一眠、二眠、三眠、分箔、采桑、大起、捉绩、上簇、炙箔、下族、择茧、窖茧等。”
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